(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infancy (n = 21,437) | |||||||||||||
Country Effects | UK | USA | Neth | Can | Nor | ||||||||
Joint effect of country χ 2 ( df 3) | Marginal effect of country compared to average | ||||||||||||
4445.46*** | −.09 | .02 | .42 | −.36 | n/a | ||||||||
Socioeconomic variables | Average effect of socioeconomic variable χ 2 ( df 1) | Average marginal effect | Country × socioeconomic Interaction χ 2 ( df 3) | Marginal effect separately for each country | |||||||||
Ethnic minority | 3.84 | −.03 | 5.39 | −.06 | −.00 | −.05 | −.00 | n/a | |||||
Young mother | .02 | −.00 | 20.14*** | −.07 a | .01 | .01 | .06a | n/a | |||||
Low income | 118.18*** | −.14 | 94.21*** | −.21 a | −.28 a | −.05a | −.04 a | n/a | |||||
Low maternal education | 37.39*** | −.10 | 26.07*** | −.14 a | −.13 | −.09 | −.04 a | n/a | |||||
Single parent | 49.13*** | .09 | 55.51*** | .12 | .27 a | −.01a | −.01a | n/a | |||||
Other children | 125.55*** | −.10 | 234.58*** | −.21 a | −.15 a | −.02 a | −.01a | n/a | |||||
Early childhood (n = 18,507) | |||||||||||||
Country Effects | UK | USA | Neth | Can | Nor | ||||||||
Joint effect of country χ 2 ( df 4) | Marginal effect of country compared to average | ||||||||||||
3167.17*** | −.26 | −.11 | .17 | −.03 | .22 | ||||||||
Socioeconomic variables | Average effect of socioeconomic variable χ 2 ( df 1) | Average marginal effect | Country × socioeconomic interaction χ 2 ( df 4) | Marginal effect separately for each country | |||||||||
Ethnic minority | 1.50 | −.02 | 3.51 | −.01 | −.06 | .00 | .01 | −.03 | |||||
Young mother | 6.01* | −.04 | 10.40* | −.06 | .02 | −.06a | −.11 a | .01 | |||||
Low income | 147.22*** | −.19 | 11.29* | −.22 | −.25 | −.14 | −.25 | −.09 a | |||||
Low maternal education | 78.83*** | −.15 | 1.39 | −.16 | −.20 | −.14 | −.15 | −.11 | |||||
Single parent | 94.75*** | .11 | 37.48*** | .11 | .25 a | .06 a | .13 | −.01a | |||||
Other children | 204.31*** | −.12 | 175.61*** | −.20 a | −.21 a | −.02a | −.17 a | −.01a |