Table 1 Heterogeneity in teams

• Socio-demographic characteristics: age, gender, cultural background, migration status, family situation (cohabitation, people in need of care: children, elderly, etc.)

• Personality (Big five: extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism or emotional stability, agreeableness)

• Other personal characteristics: values and norms, talents and interests, resources and vulnerabilities, the motivation to learn

• Knowledge and competence: general education, vocational training or studies, professional experience

• Experience of life

Team-related characteristics:

• Seniority (duration of team membership)

• Process of induction

• Role and position in the team

• Special tasks

• Consistency in values and pedagogical convictions

• Professional development (training, team days, etc.)

• Team structure: size and composition, functions and positions, hierarchies and (formal) division of labour

• Team history: duration of existence, stability and fluctuation, team development, critical events, conflicts

• Group dynamics: roles, cohesion, forms of cooperation, communication culture, conflict resolution

• Team climate and team culture (mutual trust, mutual support, reflection and meta-communication, alignment of values and pedagogical beliefs, team identity, etc.)

• Management style (meeting culture, participation, conflict culture, error friendliness, etc.)

• Relations to other teams and organisation members