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Table 3 Statistics Corrected by ANCOVA (Posttest) for Children’s Performances on Each Measure, with F and P Values for the Experimental (EG) and Control (CG) Groups (Controlling for Pretest Performance in the Respective Measure)

From: Is it possible to promote executive functions in preschoolers? A case study in Brazil

Variable

 

EG M (SE)

CG M (SE)

F (df)

p

Eta Square

Trail Making Test for Preschoolers –Total part A

Group effect

7.24 (.5)

6.11 (.5)

2.711 (1, 66)

.100

.039

Covariant effect

--

--

4.952 (1, 66)

.029

.070

Trail Making Test for Preschoolers –Total part B

Group effect

7.93 (.7)

7.54 (.7)

.158 (1, 66)

.692

.002

Covariant effect

--

--

6.066 (1, 66)

.016

.084

Cancellation Attention Test – Total score

Group effect

48.48 (2.2)

41.65 (2.1)

4.930 (1, 66)

.030

.070

Covariant effect

--

--

8.941 (1, 66)

.004

.119

Semantic Stroop Test - Score in part 1

Group effect

15.82 (.1)

15.79 (.1)

.042 (1, 63)

.838

<.001

Covariant effect

--

--

.162 (1, 63)

.689

.003

Semantic Stroop Test - Score in part 2

Group effect

15.73 (.3)

14.75 (.3)

5.081 (1, 63)

.028

.075

Covariant effect

--

--

11.969 (1, 63)

.001

1.6

Semantic Stroop Test – Reaction time in part 1*

Group effect

.51 (.03)

.47 (.03)

1.172 (1, 63)

.283

.018

Covariant effect

--

--

3.234 (1, 63)

.077

.049

Semantic Stroop Test – Reaction time in part 2*

Group effect

1.06 (.04)

.96 (.04)

2.964 (1, 60)

.090

.047

Covariant effect

--

--

30.265 (1, 60)

<.001

.335

Semantic Stroop Test – Interference score

Group effect

-.04 (.3)

−1.08 (.3)

5.724 (1, 63)

.020

.083

Covariant effect

--

--

8.142 (1, 63)

.006

.114

Semantic Stroop Test – Interference – reaction time

Group effect

.52 (.04)

.51 (.04)

.026 (1, 60)

.872

<.001

Covariant effect

--

--

2.297 (1, 60)

.135

.037

Go NoGo Task – Total score

Group effect

.81 (.02)

.85 (.02)

2.270 (1, 64)

.137

.034

Covariant effect

--

--

6.317 (1, 64)

.014

.090

Go NoGo Task – Reaction time*

Group effect

.70 (.2)

.63 (.2)

4.669 (1, 64)

.034

.068

Covariant effect

--

--

22.682 (1, 64)

<.001

.262

Simon Task - Score on part 1 – congruent items

Group effect

.88 (.02)

.92 (.02)

2.426 (1, 60)

.125

.039

Covariant effect

--

--

2.265 (1, 60)

.138

.036

Simon Task - Score on part 1 – incongruent items

Group effect

.99 (.02)

.93 (.02)

5.402 (1, 60)

.024

.083

Covariant effect

--

--

.065 (1, 60)

.800

.001

Simon Task - Score on part 2 – congruent items

Group effect

.87 (.04)

.85 (.04)

.248 (1, 60)

.620

.004

Covariant effect

--

--

5.229 (1, 60)

.026

.080

Simon Task - Score on part 2 – incongruent items

Group effect

.79 (.04)

.75 (.04)

.448 (1, 60)

.506

.007

Covariant effect

--

--

12.248 (1, 60)

.001

.170

Simon Task - Score on part 3 – congruent items

Group effect

.83 (.03)

.91 (.03)

2.612 (1, 60)

.111

.042

Covariant effect

--

--

.443 (1, 60)

.508

.007

Simon Task - Score on part 3 – incongruent items

Group effect

.89 (.03)

.90 (.03)

.070 (1, 60)

.792

.001

Covariant effect

--

--

.218 (1, 60)

.642

.004

  1. *seconds