Table 1 Descriptive information on the demographics and outcome variables of young children (N = 990)
Variables | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
Child and family characteristics | |
Age | Mean = 4.3 (S.D. = 1.0) |
Sex | |
Male | 505 (51.0) |
Female | 485 (49.0) |
Single child | |
Yes | 342 (34.9) |
No | 638 (65.1) |
Residence of the child | |
Hong Kong | 913 (92.6) |
Mainland China | 73 (7.4) |
Residence of parents | |
Both parents living in Hong Kong | 821 (84.3) |
Only one parent living in Hong Kong | 51 (5.2) |
Both parents not living in Hong King | 102 (10.5) |
Mother’s native language | |
Cantonese (Hong Kong local language) | 855 (87.2) |
Putonghua (official Chinese) and others | 125 (12.8) |
Carer | |
At least one biological parent | 759 (77.0) |
Others | 227 (23.0) |
Employment of parents | |
Both parents are working | 487 (49.4) |
Only father works | 474 (48.2) |
Others | 24 (2.4) |
Developmental problems | |
Yes | 87 (9.0) |
No | 877 (91.0) |
Social-emotional well-being measures | |
Pre-intervention | |
Social competence | Mean = 34.7 (S.D. = 9.8) |
Anxiety/withdraw | Mean = 21.9 (S.D. = 8.0) |
Anger/aggression | Mean = 19.2 (S.D. = 7.6) |
Post-intervention | |
Social competence | Mean = 37.6 (S.D. = 9.6) |
Anxiety/withdraw | Mean = 20.1 (S.D. = 7.8) |
Anger/aggression | Mean = 17.7 (S.D. = 6.8) |