The persistence of reading and math proficiency: the benefits of Alabama’s pre-kindergarten program endure in elementary and middle school

International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy

Table 2 Overall demographics of sample, 3rd–7th Grades; 2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2016/2017 school years

	All	First Class Pre-K		No First Class Pre-K		Chi square
	Number of datapoints	Number of datapoints	Percent of datapoints	Number of datapoints	Percent of datapoints	Chi square
Total	580,223	37,349	6.4	542,874	93.6	n/a
Poverty status						905.1*
Poverty	363,501	26,119	69.9	337,382	62.15
Non-poverty	216,722	11,230	30.1	205,492	37.85
Race/ethnicity						1.7e+03*
Asian	6756	257	0.7	6499	1.2	78.7*
Black	194,597	16,020	42.9	178,577	33.0	1.6e03*
White	325,341	18,253	48.9	307,088	56.6	840.2*
Hispanic	39,488	1865	5.0	37,623	6.9	206.7*
Other-multi	14,041	954	2.6	13,087	2.4	3.0
Gender						19.6*
Female	283,932	18,690	50.0	265,242	48.9
Male	296,291	18,659	50.0	277,632	51.1

Overall demographics are based on the number and percent of individual datapoints or test records in the sample and do not represent individual children
* Statistically significant at p < 0.05