Table 2 Effects of nutrition education programs on mothers
Author | Participants | Study design | Type of intervention | Instruments | Most important results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sugiarti et al., (2020) | 69 mothers, 23 in the intervention group, 23 in the control group | Quasi-experimental research design with a control group | The intervention is based on education MCH books (Maternal and Child Health) and audiovisual media from the mobile application that were conducted for two months for mothers in hospitals on the topic of nutritional needs and child development | Maternal confidence questionnaire (MCQ) | The MCH book-based learning significantly increased mothers' knowledge and confidence scores (p < 0.001). Who received their instructions from the mobile app (p < 0.001) |
Yunitasari and Rahayu et al., (2020b) | 70 mothers were divided into 35 in the control group and 35 in the intervention group | Quasi-experimental design | The intervention is in the form of counseling with CBD techniques (lecture, brainstorming, demonstration) | Demographic questionnaire, questionnaire of mother's knowledge and attitudes about stunting | The results have an influence on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers after being given CBD education with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05) |
Diddana et al., (2018) | A total of 138 pregnant women participated, 69 in the intervention group and 69 in the control | A Cluster Randomized Control Trial | Intervention using HBM: Health Belief Model theory was given 15 consecutive days for five months Nutrition counseling is provided by public health personnel. General nutrition education, which health educators usually do. Education is given at the start for three consecutive days | Nutrition knowledge questionnaires | The results showed an effect of increasing knowledge about nutrition in pregnant women after being given HBM with a value(p < 0.001) |
Suryati and Supriyadi, (2019) | Mothers with stunting children were 90 respondents divided into the intervention group and the control group | Quasi-experimental design | The intervention was in the form of education using the lecture method and booklet media. At the same time, the other group received education using the lecture method without being given a booklet about stunting prevention | Mothers' knowledge questionnaire about toddler nutrition: measure the knowledge of mothers about child nutrition | The results showed an influence on the mother's knowledge, attitudes, and actions after giving the education booklet with a statistically significant value (p = 0.0001) |
Muluye et al., (2020) | Two hundred (200) mother–child pairs (100 for each group) are recruited | They randomized control trials | Nutrition education is provided to children aged 6–23 months starting January–March 2014 and January–March 2017 in Amharic, the local language, by a trained nutritionist. Media posters, notebooks, brochures, and practical demonstration sessions are used during nutrition education | Ethiopian and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 infant and young child feeding (IYCF) questionnaires | The results showed how providing nutrition education to mothers increases maternal knowledge about complementary feeding in childcare centers |
Setyawati and Kurniadi, (2019) | 28 Participant's mothers who were involved met the inclusion criteria: having a baby/toddler, owning an Android phone, and age less than 35 years | Quasi-experimental design, one group pre-post test | The intervention is in the form of educational material contained in the application, namely in the form of nutrition education for infants and toddlers, how to care for children and toddlers, and health problems regarding stunting | Questionnaires to assess knowledge: to assess knowledge about stunting. The questionnaire is divided into three parts: Information (age, education, socioeconomic status) attendance at the posyandu Questions about knowledge about stunting, the researcher gave 18 questions in the form of a questionnaire. If true, it was given a value of 1. If wrong, it was given a score of 0 to assess knowledge | The result of this study is that there is an increase in the average knowledge of mothers about stunting after receiving application-based education on nutrition android cellular with a value (p < 0.0001) from the paired t-test results |
Wahyurin et al., (2019) | 34 mothers who have stunting toddlers | Quasi-experimental design | The intervention was in the form of stunting education using brainstorming and audiovisual methods on the knowledge of mothers with stunting children. The intervention was carried out for 1–2 months | Data collection on maternal knowledge about stunting was obtained using a questionnaire | The results showed that there was a significant effect on mothers' knowledge about stunting after being given education using brainstorming and audiovisual. The value of maternal knowledge on the pre-test was 6.44 ± 1.65, while the score on the post-test increased to 7.38 ± 1.76. = 0.009) |
Setia et al., (2020a) | as many as 46 people with Thirty-three mothers under five and 13 pregnant women | quasi-experimental | The intervention is in the form of nutrition education, which is given twice a month using the Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSTF) model, which provides counseling on balanced nutrition for families, pregnant women, and mothers with toddlers | Questionnaires about nutritional knowledge, attitude, nutrition, and behavior | Family-based nutrition education affects changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of mothers with low economies and pregnant women with a value of p = 0000 < α 0.05, respectively |
Rita and Lewar, (2020) | Thirty mothers were in the treatment group, and 30 were in the control group | Quasi-experiment with non-equivalent control group design | The research intervention was in the form of a nutrition education program on the benefits of consuming Moringa oleifera, or so-called Moringa leaves can prevent stunting in children | Questionnaires mother's knowledge about stunting prevention using Moringa oleifera: measure mother's knowledge | Nutrition education on the benefits of consuming Moringa oleifera or so-called Moringa leaves significantly increased maternal knowledge (p = 0000) |
Yunitasari and Nadhifah et al., (2020a) | control group 20 premarital couples and a treatment group 20 premarital couples | Quasi-experimental design | Health education interventions on stunting prevention using modules and group discussions or peer group discussions have given pre-test and post-test | Questionnaires: Questionnaires on stunting prevention, Questionnaires in the form of nutrition before pregnancy, questionnaires during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as exclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods | There is a health education effect using modules and group discussions or peer group discussions on mothers’ knowledge (p = 0000) |