Table 3 Effects of nutrition education programs on children
Author | Participants | Study design | Type of intervention | Instruments | Most important results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demilew et al., (2020) | 346 women in the group intervention and 348 women in the control group), | Randomized controlled trial | Intervention in the form of standard health and nutrition services plus nutrition education interventions (intervention group), while the control group received nutrition education provided by health workers during home visits or community activities | Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ): measure the diet data of pregnant women Balanced digital Seca scales: measure birth weight | The results showed an effect on birth weight in infants with an increased intervention-average value of 0.257 kg /0.26 kg compared with birth weight in the control group (β = 0.257, p < 0.001) |
Effendy et al., (2020) | 266 mother–child pairs from 22 Posyandu working areas were eligible and registered with this research | Randomized controlled trial | Intervention ‘Movement for Smart Mothers, Children, Healthy, Well Nutrition’ (GEN) The class was held in June 2018. The delivery of material used lectures, media, pictures, and videos | Dietary diversity scores (DDS): measure the diversity of a child’s diet Minimum meal frequency (MMF): measure the frequency of eating and drinking Minimum acceptable diet (MAD): measure an acceptable diet Anthropometric parameters: measure air quality Electronic weighing scale: measure the child's weight Horizontal board: length of the child's body measured from head to toe | The results showed that influence intervention at a high z-score for age 0.24 (− 0.06 to 0.56) p. Value = 0.112 Score-weight-for-age 0.04 (− 0.26 to 0.35) p. 0.747 Length (cm) 0.59 (− 0.15 to 1.34)) p. Value = 0.112 Weight (kg) = 0.03 (− 0.28 to 0.35) p. Value = 0.825 However, the prevalence of stunting remained stable in the intervention group but increased in the control group |
Khan et al., (2020) | Eight hundred seventy pregnant and lactating mothers (419 in intervention; 451 in control) children aged 6–18 months were enrolled in the study | Randomized controlled trial | The intervention was given to children aged 6–23 months in the form of 50 mg wawanum in the form of lipid-based nutritional supplements (consisting of roasted green beans, vegetable oil, dry skim milk powder, sugar, micronutrients, emulsifiers, and antioxidants). Meanwhile, the control group received routine public and private health services available in the area | Seca anthropometry kits: measure the length and weight of the child (linear monitor growth) | The results confirmed that giving wawamum to children aged 6–23 months effectively reduced the risk of stunting, wasting, and anemia |
Nurhayati et al., (2020) | Twenty-two mothers with children of respondents, and the sample was taken as many as 22 respondents by total sampling | Cohort experiment approaches | The intervention takes the form of health counseling about short nutrition, which will be held from 10 May to 10 June 2020 | Weight scale: measure the weight of a stunting toddler | Based on the study results, health education’s effect on maternal malnutrition on the weight of children under five who were monitored for one month in Gampeng Village, Ngluyu District, Nganjuk Regency, where the value of ρ = 0000 ≤ α 0.05 was acceptable |
Mahmudiono et al., (2018) | Seventy-one mother–child pairs to 35 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group | Randomized controlled trial | NEO-NOM Intervention (Usual Care + Nutrition Education + Home Visit) is in the form of regular care, nutrition education, and a home visit for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, the PRINT (Usual Care + Printed Material) group only received regular maintenance and printed materials | Diet data were analyzed using Nutrisurvey, software that refers to a database containing nutritional information | Results There was a significant effect of both groups on the child's height and weight, but no significant differences were observed between groups. Maternal independence, expected outcomes in providing animal protein to children (p-value = 0.025), and maternal total calorie intake (p-value = 0.017) were preferred in the intervention group over the comparison group |