Regional and socioeconomic inequalities in access to pre-primary education in India: evidence from a recent household survey

International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy

Table 5 Household spending ($) on pre-primary education in India by gender and location

	Gender		Location			Share to total HH consumption exp
	Female	Male	Rural	Urban	All India	Share to total HH consumption exp
Gender
Female	–	–	73	182	114	5.8
Male	–	–	80	208	129	6.5
Caste
ST	49	67	38	130	58	3.0
SC	92	92	63	156	92	4.7
OBC	111	111	78	167	111	5.6
General	151	191	100	256	173	8.8
Residence
Rural	73	80	–	–	77	3.9
Urban	182	208	–	–	196	10.0
Quintile
Q1 (poorest)	41	42	38	69	42	2.1
Q2	60	65	60	74	63	3.2
Q3	80	101	85	108	92	4.7
Q4	137	135	120	152	135	6.9
Q5 (richest)	265	310	193	311	290	14.7
head education
Illiterate	77	70	65	98	73	3.7
Elementary	79	96	68	136	88	4.5
Secondary	150	160	99	215	156	7.9
Grad and above	241	272	118	328	260	13.2
Medium
Others	45	50	37	83	48	2.4
English	203	215	156	255	210	10.7
School type
Government	15	14	11	29	14	0.7
Private	171	176	128	224	174	8.8
Total	114	129	77	196	122	6.2