Table 3 Assessment of home-learning environment
Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 3481 | 2849 | 2609 |
Age of child in months | M = 7.0, SD = 0.8 | M = 17.0, SD = 0.7 | M = 26.6, SD = 1.26 |
Indirect measures | Structural characteristics: e.g., sociodemographics of parents, migration, history of educational care Process characteristics: e.g., joint activities, language use | Structural characteristics: e.g., sociodemographics of parents, history of educational care Process characteristics: e.g., joint activities, coparenting Orientational characteristics: e.g., religion and religiosity, parenting goals, information about the German educational system | Structural characteristics : e.g., sociodemographics of parents, cultural capital, history of educational care Process characteristics: e.g., joint activities, language use, coparenting |
Direct measures | Process characteristics: maternal interaction behavior in mother–child interaction: sensitivity to distress and non-distress, positive and negative regard of the child, detachment, intrusiveness, emotionality, stimulation | Process characteristics: maternal interaction behavior in mother–child interaction: sensitivity to distress and non-distress, positive and negative regard of the child, detachment, intrusiveness, emotionality, stimulation | Process characteristics: maternal interaction behavior in mother–child interaction: sensitivity to distress and non-distress, positive and negative regard of the child, detachment, intrusiveness, emotionality, overall stimulation, language stimulation, mathematical stimulation |