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International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy

Table 1 Type of ECEC used by the youngest child in the family

From: Understanding early childhood education and care utilization in Canada: implications for demand and oversight

Type of care

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

All families (N = 1810)

All families (N = 1810)

Full-time working (N = 915)

Odds ratio

SE

Odds ratio

SE

Odds ratio

SE

Licensed (center and home)

 # of children under age 6

.704**

.094

    

 Income above median

1.538**

.221

    

 Full-time working

5.843***

.798

    

 Family education

.890***

.022

    

 Age of youngest child (years)

.983

.046

    

Center-based

 # of children under age 6

  

.849

.125

.781

.184

 Income above median

  

1.595**

.250

2.480***

.592

 Full-time working

  

5.736***

.862

1.000

(Omitted)

 Family education

  

.878***

.024

.870**

.038

 Age of youngest child (years)

  

1.111*

.057

1.055

.085

HCC (licensed)

 # of children under age 6

  

.494***

.099

.542*

.148

 Income above median

  

1.421

.294

2.30**

.651

 Full-time working

  

6.160***

1.212

1.000

(Omitted)

 Family education

  

.915*

.033

.932

.044

 Age of youngest child (years)

  

.756***

.047

.750**

.070

Unlicensed care

 # of children under age 6

.920

.137

.921

.138

.751

.171

 Income above median

1.442*

.241

1.441*

.240

1.844*

.439

 Full-time working

5.593***

.942

5.591***

.942

1.000

(Omitted)

 Family education

.948

.027

.948

.027

.963

.042

 Age of youngest child (years)

1.047

.062

1.048

.063

.990

.084

Not using any child care

(Base outcome)

  1. Family education is a composite variable where lower values represent higher educational achievement for both parents
  2. Income above median is a dummy variable where “1” represents income above the median income of families with children above 12 months old and below the age of entry to Grade 1
  3. Odds ratios are interpreted as follows: value above 1.000 represents a percentage that the outcome is more likely for that particular group compared to the base outcome, assuming that all other variables are held constant. Conversely, a value below 1.00 represents a less likely outcome
  4. Unlicensed care includes care by a relative outside the child’s home, care by a relative in the child’s home, care by a stranger outside the child’s home and care by a stranger in the child’s home
  5. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001
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