The persistence of reading and math proficiency: the benefits of Alabama’s pre-kindergarten program endure in elementary and middle school

International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy

Table 1 Data structure by cohort, expected grade, and school year of test

Cohort (based on year entered Kindergarten)	Expected grade
2009/2010	5th	6th	7th
2010/2011	4th	5th	6th
2011/2012	3rd	4th	5th
2012/2013	2nd*	3rd	4th
2013/2014	1st*	2nd*	3rd
School year of test	2014–2015	2015–2016	2016–2017

*Standardized testing not required until 3rd grade. ACT Aspire results are only available for 3rd through 7th grades, beginning with the 2014–2015 school year
Italic cells show data included in analyses